Split a row into multiple rows based on a column value

: Joel Lipman; Transact-SQL; 23 August 2013; Hits: 30437

Applies to

Transact-SQL (T-SQL)

What?
This is a quick article on how to split a single row into multipe rows based on the value of a column in the same table.

Why?
I have a table that has all the days of sickness of employees. This table contains, which employee, on what date, and for how many days they were off sick. When migrating to a new system, the destination wanted 1 row per day. This meant that if in the old system, there was 1 row with an employee who took 2 days off, we would want 2 rows for that date for the same employee in the new system.

What we have:

copy raw

SELECT
        EmployeeNo
        , DaysOffSick
        , DateOfSickness
FROM    Employees_Attendance_Table


-- yields

        EmployeeNo      DaysOffSick     DateOfSickness
        --------------  --------------  ----------------
        001             1.00            1997-11-17
        002             3.00            2000-02-18
        003             2.00            1999-02-25

SELECT
EmployeeNo
, DaysOffSick
, DateOfSickness
FROM Employees_Attendance_Table
-- yields
EmployeeNo DaysOffSick DateOfSickness
-------------- -------------- ----------------
001 1.00 1997-11-17
002 3.00 2000-02-18
003 2.00 1999-02-25

What we want:

copy raw

EmployeeNo      DaysOffSick     DateOfSickness
--------------  --------------  ----------------
001             1.00            1997-11-17
002             1.00            2000-02-18
002             1.00            2000-02-19
002             1.00            2000-02-20
003             1.00            1999-02-25
003             1.00            1999-02-26

-- note the dates increment and do not account for days off (eg. Saturday / Sunday)

EmployeeNo DaysOffSick DateOfSickness
-------------- -------------- ----------------
001 1.00 1997-11-17
002 1.00 2000-02-18
002 1.00 2000-02-19
002 1.00 2000-02-20
003 1.00 1999-02-25
003 1.00 1999-02-26
-- note the dates increment and do not account for days off (eg. Saturday / Sunday)

How?
Adapted from a forum topic: SQLTeam Forums
First of all, we want the rows to multiply based on the value of the column:

copy raw

SELECT
        EmployeeNo
        , DaysOffSick
        , DateOfSickness
        ,'1' + substring(CAST(DaysOffSick AS VARCHAR(10)), 2, 1000) AS Items
FROM
        Employees_Attendance_Table
JOIN
        master..spt_values n
        ON n.type = 'P'
        AND n.number < CONVERT(int, LEFT(CAST( DaysOffSick AS INT ),3))


-- yields
        EmployeeNo      DaysOffSick     DateOfSickness    Items
        --------------  --------------  ----------------  --------
        001             1.00            1997-11-17        1.00
        002             3.00            2000-02-18        1.00
        002             3.00            2000-02-18        1.00
        002             3.00            2000-02-18        1.00
        003             2.00            1999-02-25        1.00
        003             2.00            1999-02-25        1.00

SELECT
EmployeeNo
, DaysOffSick
, DateOfSickness
,'1' + substring(CAST(DaysOffSick AS VARCHAR(10)), 2, 1000) AS Items
FROM
Employees_Attendance_Table
JOIN
master..spt_values n
ON n.type = 'P'
AND n.number < CONVERT(int, LEFT(CAST( DaysOffSick AS INT ),3))
-- yields
EmployeeNo DaysOffSick DateOfSickness Items
-------------- -------------- ---------------- --------
001 1.00 1997-11-17 1.00
002 3.00 2000-02-18 1.00
002 3.00 2000-02-18 1.00
002 3.00 2000-02-18 1.00
003 2.00 1999-02-25 1.00
003 2.00 1999-02-25 1.00

If you have more than 999 items in the column, then you may need to increment the 3 in the above statement "LEFT(..., 3)".

Almost there, but in the above example, the dates are wrong for subsequent days off sick:

copy raw

SELECT
        EmployeeNo
        , DaysOffSick
        , DateOfSickness
        ,'1' + substring(CAST(DaysOffSick AS VARCHAR(10)), 2, 1000) AS Items
        , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness ORDER BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness) AS Rownum
FROM
        Employees_Attendance_Table
JOIN
        master..spt_values n
        ON n.type = 'P'
        AND n.number < CONVERT(int, LEFT(CAST( DaysOffSick AS INT ),3))


-- yields
        EmployeeNo      DaysOffSick     DateOfSickness    Items        Rownum
        --------------  --------------  ----------------  -----------  -----------------
        001             1.00            1997-11-17        1.00         1
        002             3.00            2000-02-18        1.00         1
        002             3.00            2000-02-18        1.00         2
        002             3.00            2000-02-18        1.00         3
        003             2.00            1999-02-25        1.00         1
        003             2.00            1999-02-25        1.00         2

SELECT
EmployeeNo
, DaysOffSick
, DateOfSickness
,'1' + substring(CAST(DaysOffSick AS VARCHAR(10)), 2, 1000) AS Items
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness ORDER BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness) AS Rownum
FROM
Employees_Attendance_Table
JOIN
master..spt_values n
ON n.type = 'P'
AND n.number < CONVERT(int, LEFT(CAST( DaysOffSick AS INT ),3))
-- yields
EmployeeNo DaysOffSick DateOfSickness Items Rownum
-------------- -------------- ---------------- ----------- -----------------
001 1.00 1997-11-17 1.00 1
002 3.00 2000-02-18 1.00 1
002 3.00 2000-02-18 1.00 2
002 3.00 2000-02-18 1.00 3
003 2.00 1999-02-25 1.00 1
003 2.00 1999-02-25 1.00 2

Great! Now let's just add the Rownum value to the date of sickness (minus 1 for obvious reasons - 25th + row(1) = 26th when the person was off the 25th):

copy raw

SELECT
        EmployeeNo
        , '1' + substring(CAST(DaysOffSick AS VARCHAR(10)), 2, 1000) AS DaysOffSick
        , DATEADD(d, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness ORDER BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness) - 1, DateOfSickness)  AS DateOffSick
FROM
        Employees_Attendance_Table
JOIN
        master..spt_values n
        ON n.type = 'P'
        AND n.number < CONVERT(int, LEFT(CAST( DaysOffSick AS INT ),3))


-- yields
        EmployeeNo      DaysOffSick     DateOffSick
        --------------  --------------  ---------------------
        001             1.00            1997-11-17
        002             1.00            2000-02-18
        002             1.00            2000-02-19
        002             1.00            2000-02-20
        003             1.00            1999-02-25
        003             1.00            1999-02-26

SELECT
EmployeeNo
, '1' + substring(CAST(DaysOffSick AS VARCHAR(10)), 2, 1000) AS DaysOffSick
, DATEADD(d, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness ORDER BY EmployeeNo, DateOfSickness) - 1, DateOfSickness) AS DateOffSick
FROM
Employees_Attendance_Table
JOIN
master..spt_values n
ON n.type = 'P'
AND n.number < CONVERT(int, LEFT(CAST( DaysOffSick AS INT ),3))
-- yields
EmployeeNo DaysOffSick DateOffSick
-------------- -------------- ---------------------
001 1.00 1997-11-17
002 1.00 2000-02-18
002 1.00 2000-02-19
002 1.00 2000-02-20
003 1.00 1999-02-25
003 1.00 1999-02-26

Some thing(s) to consider:

User running the SQL query needs permission to read the master database.
If run by a service account, ask a DBA to emulate the user for testing.
the Items column may vary from 1 and 10+. Not sure on why this is but it doesn't seem to affect the functionality of the above and you could always hardcode a 1.00 if its confusing.
In theory, if you know the shift patterns of an employee, you could enhance the above to skip day-off dates (eg. Saturday/Sunday - the above does not take this into account - my day-job company is a 24/7 business).

Category: Transact-SQL :: Article: 519

Split a row into multiple rows based on a column value

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